{"id":4627,"date":"2026-03-29T13:46:31","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T11:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/?p=4627"},"modified":"2026-04-06T12:33:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T10:33:35","slug":"macbook-black-screen-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/ecran-noir-macbook-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"MacBook black screen? 8 quick solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-blog\">\n\n<h1>MacBook black screen: causes and 8 quick-fix methods<\/h1>\n\n<div class=\"article-meta\">\n    <span>Reading: 10 min<\/span>\n    <span>Troubleshooting<\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ecran-noir-macbook-diagnostic-atelier-1.webp\"\n     alt=\"MacBook Pro black screen open on a desk with the Apple logo faintly visible\"\n     title=\"A MacBook Pro with a black screen: several possible causes, from the tablecloth to the backlighting\"\n     class=\"article-img\"\n     width=\"1200\" height=\"568\"\n     loading=\"eager\">\n\n<div class=\"answer-box\">\n    <strong>In a nutshell:<\/strong> A black screen on a MacBook is most often caused by a backlight problem (around 35 % of cases received in the workshop), a video layer fault (25 %), a macOS software problem (20 %) or a motherboard fault (15 %). The first thing to do is connect an external monitor. If the image is displayed on it, the Mac is working and the problem is limited to the internal display.\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"toc-box\">\n    <p>Contents<\/p>\n    <ol>\n        <li><a href=\"#causes\">Why is my MacBook screen black?<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#distinguer\">Black screen vs. screen off: how to tell the difference<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#solutions\">8 troubleshooting methods to try<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#modeles\">Known problems by generation<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#cout\">How much does the repair cost?<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n    <\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"causes\">Why is my MacBook screen black?<\/h2>\n\n<p>A <strong>MacBook black screen<\/strong> does not necessarily mean that your machine is in serious trouble. The Mac may well be operating normally (fan active, start-up sound) while displaying a completely black screen. There are many causes and the severity varies considerably.<\/p>\n\n<table class=\"tg-table\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th>Cause<\/th>\n            <th>Frequency<\/th>\n            <th>Gravity<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\n                <span class=\"cell-label\">Faulty backlighting<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cell-desc\">The fuse or LED backlight circuit on the motherboard has blown<\/span>\n            <\/td>\n            <td>~35 %<\/td>\n            <td>Moderate<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\n                <span class=\"cell-label\">Damaged video layer (flex cable)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cell-desc\">Wear from repeated opening\/closing (Flexgate)<\/span>\n            <\/td>\n            <td>~25 %<\/td>\n            <td>Moderate<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\n                <span class=\"cell-label\">macOS software bug<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cell-desc\">Failed update, extension conflict, frozen screen<\/span>\n            <\/td>\n            <td>~20 %<\/td>\n            <td>Low<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\n                <span class=\"cell-label\">Faulty graphics card or GPU chip<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cell-desc\">MacBook Pro 2011-2013 (AMD GPU), or integrated GPU<\/span>\n            <\/td>\n            <td>~15 %<\/td>\n            <td>High<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\n                <span class=\"cell-label\">Broken or defective LCD panel<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cell-desc\">Physical impact, pressure, massive dead pixels<\/span>\n            <\/td>\n            <td>~5 %<\/td>\n            <td>Variable<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A crucial point that many people are unaware of: on the 2016-2018 MacBook Pros, a design flaw in the video panel (nicknamed the <strong>Flexgate<\/strong>) causes a \u00abspotlight\u00bb effect at the bottom of the screen, which gradually evolves into a <strong>MacBook black screen<\/strong> complete. Apple has launched a free replacement programme for 2016 13-inch models, but 15-inch and 2017-2018 models are not covered.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"distinguer\">Black screen vs. screen off: how to tell the difference<\/h2>\n\n<p>This distinction is fundamental in guiding the diagnosis of a <strong>MacBook black screen<\/strong>. The two situations are visually similar but the causes are radically different.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Test 1: the torch<\/h3>\n<p>In a dark room, place a torch (the one on your phone will do) against the screen of your MacBook. If you can only make out a faint image (the macOS desktop, the menu bar), the problem lies with the <strong>backlight<\/strong> The screen does display an image, but there's no light behind it. This is a motherboard diagnosis (backlight circuit), not a panel diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Test 2: the external screen<\/h3>\n<p>Connect your MacBook to an external monitor via HDMI, USB-C or Thunderbolt. This test is the most reliable:<\/p>\n<ul>\n    <li><strong>The image appears on the external screen :<\/strong> the Mac works, the problem is solely related to the internal screen (panel, slab or backlight).<\/li>\n    <li><strong>No image anywhere:<\/strong> the problem is deeper, probably the motherboard or GPU.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/black-screen-macbook-test-monitor-external-1.webp\"\n     alt=\"MacBook black screen connected to an external display showing the macOS desktop\"\n     title=\"External screen test: if the image is displayed, the Mac is working and the problem is with the internal screen\"\n     class=\"article-img\"\n     width=\"1200\" height=\"568\"\n     loading=\"lazy\">\n\n<h3>Test 3: sound cues<\/h3>\n<p>Press the volume button (increase or decrease). If you hear the notification sound, macOS is running. Press Caps Lock: if the indicator lights up on the keyboard, the system is active. These clues confirm that your <strong>MacBook black screen<\/strong> is not a dead Mac, just a display problem.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"solutions\">8 ways to fix a black MacBook screen<\/h2>\n\n<p>Test these solutions in order, from the simplest to the most advanced.<\/p>\n\n<h3>1. Check brightness<\/h3>\n<p>This may sound basic, but it's the solution in about 5 % of the cases we receive. Press the <strong>F2<\/strong> (increase brightness) several times. On MacBook Touch Bars, check that the brightness has not been reduced to zero via the touch slider. If an external keyboard is connected, it may have taken control of the brightness.<\/p>\n\n<h3>2. Force restart<\/h3>\n<p>Hold the <strong>Power button for 10 seconds<\/strong>, then release, wait 5 seconds, then switch on again. On Apple Silicon Macs (M1 to M4), this is equivalent to resetting the system controller. If the\u2019<strong>MacBook black screen<\/strong> was caused by a software freeze, this method resolves it.<\/p>\n\n<h3>3. Reset SMC (Intel only)<\/h3>\n<p>The SMC manages the screen backlighting. Resetting it can resolve a <strong>MacBook black screen<\/strong> caused by a problem with the power supply to the panel.<\/p>\n<ul>\n    <li><strong>MacBook (2009-2020) :<\/strong> turn off, hold Shift + Ctrl + Option + Power for 10 seconds, release all, turn on again.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>4. Reset NVRAM (Intel only)<\/h3>\n<p>NVRAM stores the screen resolution and display parameters. Corruption may cause a black screen at start-up.<\/p>\n<p>Switch on and hold immediately <strong>Option + Cmd + P + R<\/strong> for 20 seconds.<\/p>\n\n<h3>5. Starting up in safe mode<\/h3>\n<p>Le <a href=\"\/en\/start-mac-in-safe-mode\/\">safe mode<\/a> disables third-party extensions that may interfere with the display :<\/p>\n<ul>\n    <li><strong>Intel :<\/strong> switch on by holding down Shift.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>Apple Silicon :<\/strong> hold down Power until you reach the start-up options, then select the drive by holding down Shift.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the screen is running in safe mode, third-party software is to blame. Common culprits: screen management applications (f.lux, Night Owl), external screen drivers or kernel extensions.<\/p>\n\n<h3>6. Start Recovery mode<\/h3>\n<p>If the <a href=\"\/en\/start-mac-in-safe-mode\/\">safe mode<\/a> does not work, try macOS recovery :<\/p>\n<ul>\n    <li><strong>Intel :<\/strong> switch on by holding down Cmd + R.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>Apple Silicon :<\/strong> hold down Power until you see \u00abLoading start-up options\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the screen lights up in Recovery, you can try a <a href=\"\/en\/macos-installation\/\">reinstalling macOS<\/a> without data loss.<\/p>\n\n<h3>7. Check the slab with light pressure<\/h3>\n<p>On models affected by Flexgate (MacBook Pro 2016-2018), open the cover at <strong>exactly 90 degrees<\/strong>. If the image appears and then disappears when you open it further, the video stream is disconnected. This diagnosis confirms a mechanical problem, not a software one.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n    <strong>Flexgate :<\/strong> Apple has recognised this fault on the 2016 MacBook Pro 13\u2033 and is offering a free screen replacement. Check the eligibility of your model on <a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/fr-fr\/service-programs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Apple service programmes page<\/a>.\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>8. Connect an external screen as a temporary solution<\/h3>\n<p>If all the above methods fail but the image appears on an external screen, you can use your MacBook in desktop mode while you organise the repair. Close the cover, plug in a display, keyboard and mouse: the MacBook works like a desktop Mac. Your data remains accessible and your work is not interrupted.<\/p>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/reparation-nappe-ecran-macbook-technicien-1.webp\"\n     alt=\"Technician replacing the screen cover on a MacBook Pro with a black screen\"\n     title=\"Replacing the video mat on a MacBook Pro affected by a black screen\"\n     class=\"article-img\"\n     width=\"1200\" height=\"568\"\n     loading=\"lazy\">\n\n\n<h2 id=\"modeles\">Known black screen problems by generation<\/h2>\n\n<p>Some MacBook models are more prone to problems with the\u2019<strong>black screen<\/strong> than others. Here are the cases we deal with most frequently:<\/p>\n\n<table class=\"tg-table\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th>Model<\/th>\n            <th>Frequent problems<\/th>\n            <th>Solution<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\">MacBook Pro 15\u2033 2011-2013<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>AMD Radeon GPU failure<\/td>\n            <td><a href=\"\/en\/mac-logic-board-repair\/\">GPU rebuild or replacement<\/a><\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\">MacBook Pro 13\u2033 2016<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Flexgate (video layer)<\/td>\n            <td>Free Apple programme<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\">MacBook Pro 15\u2033 2016-2018<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Flexgate (not covered by Apple)<\/td>\n            <td><a href=\"\/en\/mac-screen-replacement\/\">Complete screen replacement<\/a><\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\">MacBook Air 2018-2019<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Fragile screen connector<\/td>\n            <td>Replacement of tablecloth or slab<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\">MacBook Pro M1\/M2\/M3<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Rare, often software<\/td>\n            <td>Resetting or reinstalling macOS<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"cout\">How much does it cost to repair a black MacBook screen?<\/h2>\n\n<p>The price depends on the cause identified during the diagnosis. Here are our prices for the most common interventions related to a <strong>MacBook black screen<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n<table class=\"tg-table\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th>Intervention<\/th>\n            <th>Price incl. VAT<\/th>\n            <th>Deadline<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\"><a href=\"\/en\/free-mac-diagnostic\/\">Full diagnostic<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n            <td><strong>Free<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Within 24 hours<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\">Backlight repair<\/span><span class=\"cell-desc\">Micro-soldering backlight fuse motherboard<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>190\u20ac - 350\u20ac<\/td>\n            <td>48h - 72h<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\"><a href=\"\/en\/mac-screen-replacement\/\">13\u2033 full screen replacement<\/a><\/span><span class=\"cell-desc\">Panel + tablecloth + frame (Retina or Liquid Retina)<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>340\u20ac - 550\u20ac<\/td>\n            <td>24h - 48h<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\"><a href=\"\/en\/mac-screen-replacement\/\">14\u2033 or 16\u2033 screen replacement<\/a><\/span><span class=\"cell-desc\">Liquid Retina XDR ProMotion<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>470\u20ac - 985\u20ac<\/td>\n            <td>24h - 72h<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\"><a href=\"\/en\/mac-logic-board-repair\/\">GPU motherboard repair<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n            <td>250\u20ac - 690\u20ac<\/td>\n            <td>48h - 72h<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><span class=\"cell-label\"><a href=\"\/en\/macos-installation\/\">Reinstalling macOS<\/a><\/span><span class=\"cell-desc\">If software cause confirmed<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>75\u20ac - 140\u20ac<\/td>\n            <td>24h<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>All prices include professional-quality parts, labour and service. <strong>180-day guarantee<\/strong>. If after diagnosis your <strong>MacBook black screen<\/strong> turns out to be a simple software problem, reinstalling macOS is the most cost-effective solution.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>My MacBook turns on but the screen stays black, is this a problem?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>Not necessarily. If the fan is running and the sound is working, the Mac is operational. The problem is limited to the display: backlight, video panel or slab. These are common repairs with a good success rate. Plug in an external display to confirm.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>How much does it cost to repair a black MacBook screen?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>Diagnosis is free. Backlight repairs cost between \u20ac190 and \u20ac350. A complete screen replacement ranges from \u20ac340 (13\") to \u20ac985 (16\" XDR). If the cause is software, a macOS reinstallation costs from \u20ac75.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>What is Flexgate on MacBook Pro?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>Flexgate is a design flaw in the video tablecloth on MacBook Pros 2016-2018. The tablecloth, which is too short, wears out prematurely as a result of opening and closing the screen. The symptom: a luminous \u00abprojector\u00bb effect at the bottom of the screen, which evolves into a complete black screen. Apple will cover replacement free of charge on 13-inch 2016 models only.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>How do I know if it's the screen or the motherboard?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>The most reliable test: plug in an external screen. If the image appears on the external screen, it's the internal screen (panel, slab or backlight). If no image appears anywhere, it's the motherboard or GPU. The torch test can also be used to distinguish a backlight problem from a faulty panel.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>My MacBook displays a black screen after a macOS update. What should I do?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>This is a frequent and generally benign case. Force restart (Power button for 10 seconds), then try Safe Mode. If that doesn't work, boot into Recovery mode (Cmd + R on Intel, Power button held down on Apple Silicon) and reinstall macOS over it without deleting your data.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>Can I use a MacBook with a black screen by connecting it to a monitor?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>Yes, it's an effective temporary solution. Close the MacBook cover, plug in an external display, keyboard and mouse. The MacBook then works like a desktop Mac. Your data and applications are intact, leaving you time to organise the repair.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>Can the black screen be caused by a virus?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>This is very rare but not impossible. Some malware can interfere with display settings or cause system conflicts. If your MacBook Black Screen has appeared after installing suspicious software, booting into Safe Mode followed by a <a href=\"\/en\/mac-virus-removal\/\">antivirus cleaning<\/a> can solve the problem.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>Is my data at risk if the screen is black?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>No. A black screen doesn't affect the SSD or your files. If the Mac is running (fan, sound), your data is perfectly safe. If you plug in an external monitor, you can even access it immediately. If you prefer not to take any risks, our <a href=\"\/en\/mac-data-recovery\/\">data recovery<\/a> can extract your files before any intervention.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>Do you repair MacBook Pros with black screens outside the Apple warranty?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>Absolutely. In fact, it's our speciality. We work on models that Apple refuses to repair, including 2011-2013 MacBook Pros with faulty GPUs and 2016-2018 models affected by the uncovered Flexgate. Our <strong>180-day guarantee<\/strong> applies to all screen repairs.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"faq-question\"><span>Should the whole screen be replaced or just the tablecloth?<\/span><span class=\"faq-toggle\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"faq-answer\"><p>It depends on the model and the fault. On Retina MacBooks, the screen is an assembled part (slab + glass + bezel + panel) and can be replaced as a whole. On some older models, you can replace just the panel or the slab separately, which reduces the cost. A free diagnostic will help you determine the most economical solution.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"related-links\">\n    <h3>Related articles<\/h3>\n    <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"\/en\/mac-wont-turn-on\/\">Mac won't turn on: 7 effective solutions<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/en\/overheating-mac-fan\/\">Mac overheating and noisy fan<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/en\/slow-mac-solutions-optimization\/\">Slow Mac: 12 solutions to boost performance<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/en\/start-mac-in-safe-mode\/\">Starting a Mac in Safe Mode<\/a><\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9cran noir MacBook : causes et 8 m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9pannage rapide Lecture : 10 min Pannes et Solutions En r\u00e9sum\u00e9 : un \u00e9cran noir sur MacBook est le plus souvent caus\u00e9 par un probl\u00e8me de r\u00e9tro\u00e9clairage (environ 35 % des cas re\u00e7us \u00e0 l&rsquo;atelier), un d\u00e9faut de nappe vid\u00e9o (25 %), un souci logiciel macOS [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[37,41,45,39,23,40,44,38,35,43,42],"class_list":["post-4627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pannes-solutions","tag-apple-silicon-2","tag-carte-mere-2","tag-dalle-retina","tag-depannage-2","tag-diagnostic","tag-ecran","tag-flexgate","tag-macbook-air","tag-macbook-pro-2","tag-nappe-video","tag-retroeclairage"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4627"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4627\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reparationmac.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}